Time is money and money is time.
Thar Coal Deposits need to apply State of Art selective mining
method & Power Generation Plants associated with huge water
supplies.
The evils confronting Pakistan’s economy and uncontrollable
energy crisis in recent years are due to economic mismanagement and
misplacement of priorities.
Today energy security is the major parameter to qualify a
country as an independent. It is difficult to think that a country can protect its
borders if its energy investment policy is fully import oriented.
Effective
and rational applications of local fuel resources are of vital importance.
Therefore the energy planning is also the planning of future of the country in
order to avoid any foreseen economic crisis as Pakistan is facing presently.
Quality Wise World’s Estimated Coal Reserves by Country.
Thar Lignite deposits of Pakistan have not
been included in the above deposits of coal which have been estimated a total of 175 billion tons.
Thar Coal Resources
Chemical Composition of Thar coal.
Thar Coal Deposits are located 360 km away from
Karachi.
ALLOCATION OF THAR COAL BLOCKS.
Block-I (SINGHAR VIKIAN VARVAI
) Area of 122 sq. k.m
Global Mining Company of China.
The GMC intends to develop
coal mine of 5 million tonnes / annum initially and Power generation of 900MW is expected by 2014. The GMC consortium
proposes to invest approximately $4.5 billion up to 2016 and another approx. $4
billion would be invested to research the target of producing 10,000MW.
Block-II (SINGHARO BITRO) Area
of 66-1km2
In
May 2008, the Government of Sindh through the Mines and Mineral Development
Department (the predecessor of Coal and Energy Department) offered a joint
venture, a public private partnership, to the private sector with a 60:40
(Private : GOS) equity participation and management control with the private
partner. A joint venture company with the name of Sindh Engro Coal Mining
Company was formed and it started working on the work left unfinished by the
Chinese in Block II and to put a Power plant of 600-1000
MW capacity. This project of
mining and mouth power generation is dependent on being provided with a
sizeable amount of 350
cusecs water from the Indus river irrigation system.
BLOCK-III
Exploration License
• Offer of Grant made on 17 November 2007
• Grant made on 16 September 2009, valid for 3 years
M/s.
Cougar Energy had been allocated block III for underground coal gasification,
to develop a 400 MW power plant.
BLOCK-IV Area 82.5 km2
Australian continental Energy will initially produce
6 million tonnes per annum of coal from it mine to generate a net 1,000 MW of
power for the Pakistan grid. This production will be expanded over a 15 year
period to 18 mtpa, generating 3,000 MW.
Block – V
Dr.
Samar Mubark started Underground Coal Gasification Project and was to start
burn-test in March 2011 over for a small experimental plant of 5 MW which would
have later been expanded to 100MW till 2016.
Thar Coal Documentary by Imran Sultan
Problems encountering at Thar U C G Project
have already been braught to light on Sept. 3, 2012. Please refer the following
Heading of
“Prospects of
Underground Coal Gasification in view of the Specific Geological formation of
Thar Coal Deposits” at Build Industrial Pakistan posted on Google.com.
BLOCK-
VI
Oracle
Coalfields feasibility study underlines Thar's technical and economic viability.
Published on Mar 22, 2012
Recent
Reports.
As
per recent reports Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company, Oracle Coalfields UK and
Sino-Sindh Resources China have completed their Detailed Feasibility Studies
and their projects of open cast mining are expected to start within this year.
These three projects have total power generation planned in the first Phase is 2100 MW
by 2016.
Taking into account the demand of water of just Sindh/ Engro project which is dependent on being provided with a
sizeable amount of 350 cusecs water from the Indus river irrigation
system, for which the Govt.of Sindh has sanctioned 176 million Rupees for a feasibility study.
Prequalification of Consultants was advertised by the Dept. of Mines and
Minerals under the World Bank Technical Assistance Program.
Understanding The Vital Issue of Managing Water Resources At
Thar Coal Project.
High
efficiency and consistent power generation is directly associated with high
efficiency mining method and
depends on how fast we can mine coal. To start huge mining operations, coal handling &
subsequent Thermal Power Generation at
Thar Coal require an enormous water supply ,an essential prerequisite.
Comparative Water Demand For Various Energy
Generating Sources.
Miners and other workers need fresh water
most commonly drawn from the deep aquifers which does not exist before the
beginning of dewatering and mining operations and is planned as post mining
issues.
Therefore Pre-mining evaluation of huge water supply for Mining and subsequent Power
Generation is of utmost importance and
must be included on top priority of any feasibility study of the Thar Coal Projects.
Location of Power Plants in Southeast Asia, and Projected Water
Stress in 2025.
The
map above shows that the trend of building power plants in places facing
worsening water stress is prevalent throughout South East Asia. The blue spots
show the locations of hydroelectric, nuclear, and thermal power plants, while
the redder regions of the map are places projected to experience severe
increases in water stress driven by climate change, increased water use, and
economic development.
Pakistan is classed as a water-stressed country.
Due to a fast rising population, insufficient
water reservoirs, uncertain rainfall and in efficient use of water, Pakistan is
now classed as a water-stressed country, with less than 1,000 cubic meters per capita water availability,
down from 5,500 cubic meters per capita in the 1950s.
The
Indus River, which provides 80 percent of water
for agriculture, is fed mainly by the glacier systems of the Hindu Kush and
Himalayan mountain ranges. But global warming is shrinking their snow cover
rapidly, which could affect the river’s base-flow.
According
to studies by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
(ICIMOD) in Kathmandu, run-off into the Indus is predicted to decrease by 27
percent by the year 2050.
Distribution of composite groundwater quality in
the Indus Basin of Pakistan.
Left Bank Outfall Drain (LBOD)
In 1980s and 90s the Left Bank Outfall Drain (LOBD) was
designed by the Government of Pakistan(WAPDA) to correct the problem of water
logging, salinity and to channel excessive irrigation water during floods in
Punjab, Sukhar, Shaheed Benazirabad (formally Nawabshah), Sanghar and
Mirpurkhas districts and was additionally meant to carry industrial and
municipal effluent from urban centres into the Arabian Sea at Zero Point in
Badin district. Below is the map of LBOD
Sindh Province.
The project was to build a large artificial water ways
roughly east of and parallel to river Indus .It was funded by the Asian
Development Bank (ADB) and the World Bank (WB).
The
LBOD was completed in 1997. It has a capacity of 4600 cusec of water with a
provision of certain amount of rainfall.
However, rapidly changing weather patterns
have upset all estimates of engineers and also due to numerous gaps in the design, operational,
technical and monitoring dimensions, the drain has in fact been causing heavy
damage from time to time. The sufferers include human populations, biodiversity
and crops, especially when the lower Sindh
area is hit by cyclones and heavy rains.
World Bank LBOD Project Ruins
Sindh (Bolta Pakistan - 8th Sept 2011)
Media Report.
Status of water availability in Sindh with
reference to Thar Coal Project.
The Nara Irrigation System in Sindh.
Going back to the history of British India, the Nara
Irrigation System came to maturity with the commissioning of the Sukkur Barrage
in 1932, regulating the flow of Indus River, and supplying channels
through the bed of the Upper Nara. This enabled perennial irrigation of dry
crops (e.g. Cotton & wheat) in a large part of Nara Canal command. Rice
cultivation was promoted in the main area designated for non-perennial irrigation
at the tail of the eastern Nara canal. Before the construction of Sukkur Barrage the
Nara canal was an inundation channel, which follows the course of Old
Hakro River that ceased to flow in the 19th century. In 1932, the
designed Canal Command Area was 2.069 million
acres.
SINDH IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM.
Nara
canal runs from left bank above the Sukkur
Barrage through the Khairpur , Sanghar and Tharparkar Districts to the Jamrao Canal.
With
a designed discharge capacity of 14,452 cusecs, the Nara canal is Sukkur
Barrage’s one of the four off taking canals, located on the left side of the
barrage.
Chotiari Dam Sanghar.
The
Chotiari water reservoir characterised as wetlands complex lies in Sindh on
western wings of Nara desert some 35 kilometres northeast of Sanghar town.
The
project approved in 1992 was started in 1994. It was to be completed in three
years, by December 1997, at a cost of Rs1.5 billion, the Left Bank Outfall
Drain (LBOD) being recognised as feeder canal of the dam. However, due to
ineffective planning and alleged corruption, the project was completed in
December 2002, at a total cost of Rs6 billion.
Prime
Minister Zafarullah Jamali inaugurated the reservoir in Feb, 2003.
With
storage capacity of around 0.71 million acres feet (MAF), it was built with the
financial assistance of Saudi
Arabia and technical assistance of China.
The
reservoir is filled by floodwater coming
into the Nara canal. Water is put in the reservoir through the Ranto Canal, an
offshoot of Nara canal, controlled at Jamrao Head.
Chotiari Dam on duck hunting Sanghar.
Above mentioned reservoir is 13 kilometres wide and 16 km long,
covering an area of 45,000 acres at pool level. It is enclosed by high sand
dunes of the Thar Desert in the northeast. The reservoir’s storage capacity is
0.71 Million Acre Feet (MAF), of which 0.64 MAF is live capacity, while 0.04
MAF is its dead level. The highest level is 96.5 feet and a normal level is
85.7 feet. Minimum operating level is 69 feet and dead storage level is 64.5
feet. The water stored in the reservoir was to help Rabi crops. The
reservoir provides water to southern Khipro sub-division of Sanghar and Umerkot
districts for both irrigation and drinking purposes.
Sindh
Governament is planning to prepare a feasibility report for provision of water
to Thar coal project from the Chotiari Dam.
As
per reports, topographically Islamkot is located at a higher elevation than the
canal system. Closest
possible gravity flow of water from Nara-Jamrao Canal to the Thar Coal Project is needed to be
surveyed and a scheme be devised to divert the flood water towards any artificial lake
or reservoir, be made near Thar Coal Project, from where the water could
most economically be pumped up slope for usage of mines operators and mine mouth
power generation plants.
Other Small Water Resources in South Nagarparkar
Near Thar Coal Deposits (Needs
to preserve as source of drinking water).
Nagarparkar Nadi.
Bhodesar Dam.
Bhodesar
dam is an old water reservoir for collection of rain water, located near
Bhodsar mosque Nagarparkar, Sindh.
Maya Dam.
In the absence of rain, Thar is a Semi arid region with
scorching hot summers and relatively cold winters. It is one of the most
densely populated deserts of the world with over 91
thousand inhabitants in Thar Sindh Pakistan. The livelihood of the population
is dependent on agriculture and livestock. In Thar region the layer of fresh
groundwater is so thin that it does even not suffice to provide domestic water.
The rainfall pattern however is highly variable and characterized by spells of
dry years, causing out migration as even drinking water sources fail.
Rain in Thar (Sindh)
Present availability of water is proved to be
insufficient for irrigation and Rabi Crops and likely to be continued with the
increase in population.
As per
recent report, Sindh province will remain 18% deficient of water in current year. So how
much load can be put on existing water resources for Thar Coal Project is a
question mark.
Thermal
power plants are just as dependent on water as hydroelectric plants. Thermal
power plants either at mine mouth or away, need enormous water to produce steam and
keep their equipment cool and functioning.
The
development of the massive coal base Thermal power Plants in Thar area will
also drain polluted water need to be properly planned and separated from ground
water resources if not , will in turn make worse
drought as there will be less usable water available.
Therefore
the availability of water for Thar coal project is to be properly planned on
top priority, inadequate water supplies due to lack of rain or any water
logging in the system, will be threatening the thermal power plants to
shutdown.
PROPOSED OPEN-PIT OR OPEN-CAST MINING.
Open
pit mining is used for shallow deposits which
are extracted by digging a
succession of benches from the surface of the ground ,breaking and removing the
overburden down ward. This is also known as
open-cast mining; open cut mining or strip mining.
To make the movement and operation of heavy machinery safe
and bulk material handling reliable, Civil and Mining engineers have been
building structures on or in rocks. Also the problems
associated with de-watering of aquifers overlying/ underlying the
lignite seams are to be handled during mining operation as dewatering changes the
mechanics of the rocks.
Above
figure shows a wedge failure controlled by two intersecting structural
features in the bench of an open pit mine. Rock
could act both as an elastic material and a discontinuous mass. There
has always been a tendency to equate rock mechanics with laboratory testing
of rock specimens during mine operation to make it safe.
Decisions regarding mine operation, and even which mines to
open and close, are based on costs of operation, amount of ore to be
extracted, and the value of the product in the markets.
Need To Deploy Efficient Mining Machinery.
In open cast mining , overburden
material has to be removed to extract the coal seam. The choice of mining
method and deployment of efficient mining machinery both play an important role
to reduce the down time and the cost of excavation and disposal of material.
Bucket shovel / excavator and haul trucks.
Related Video.
The
above Bucket shovels and haul trucks
shown in the video, are the conventional equipments commonly deployed in open
cast mining . But specifically for deposits like Thar Coal where we have to remove layers of massive
over burden, the deployment of such machinery will be time and fuel consuming
and will cause increased pollution from dust and coal handling . However there
is no alternative left to deploy the conventional Bucket shovels and haul trucks till such time
we get the efficient machinery, discussed below.
Giant Bucket Wheel Excavator & Conveyer System.
An
efficient machine to remove overburden and excavation of coal, being used in
Germany , Australia ,different European countries and now in Indian lignite
mines is the Bucket Wheel Excavator.
The
Giant Bucket Wheel Excavator eliminates the use of several single bucket shovels
/ excavators and haul trucks transportation. As per manufacturer, It takes two years to make the parts and another two years to build on site.
After removing the over burden, the Coal
excavation starts , shown below.
Bucket
wheel excavators with integrated buckets of different sizes (depending on the
size of mine) now a days are applied in
the open pit mines, operating in soils as sand, gravel, clay, lignite and other
soft to slightly consolidated soils.
The
Coal is then transported through connecting bridge conveyers and unloading
units system to stockyard shown below.
The system, comprising
Bucket Wheel Excavator, connecting bridge and unloading unit, is part of a
handling line which also includes conveyer belts, a spreader and the general
power supply shown above.
Lignite
currently covers about 25 percent of Germany’s primary energy requirements,
Abundant lignite deposits lie only a few hundred feet below the ground and are
readily extracted by imposing bucket wheel surface excavators, some heavier
than the Eiffel Tower (10,000 tons). Mining 175 million tons of lignite per
year therefore becomes comparable to excavating the original Suez Canal (74 million
cubic meters) every three weeks.
Mega Bucket Wheel Excavators.
Related videos.
Coal Preparation, Storage and Transport.
Once lignite is mined as brown coal,it is porous
in its natural form, light in weight and contains a high percentage of
moisture and volatile matters as compared to Fixed Carbon. Because
of low heating value in lignite and also its susceptibility to spontaneous combustion , its
transportation, over long distances is uneconomical. Therefore, this fuel
is ideally suitable for running Lignite based power generation plant located
close to mining operation.
Coal Preparation Plants:
The traditional method is supplying mined coal as received
with all undesired unburnable sand, ash, moisture etc. To make it more valuable, Lignite is passed through Upgrading processes.
Coal preparation generally comprises of
following processes.
i)Coal washing plant:
OR
Dry destoning of Coal (Eliminates the water consumption ).
An
alternative to coal washing plants is dry destoning of coal has proven
effective for de- shaling and removal of Sulphur of Coal as shown in the video
( Sulphur is not an issue of Thar coal).
Related
video:
ii) Coal Rotary Drum Drying Plant:
Because of inherent
high moisture content, when
employed in conventional power plants, a considerable portion of the lignite's energy
content is needed to evaporate this high proportion of water prior to combustion.
The lignite is dried at a high temperature level of 900 – 1,000°C and the evaporated coal-inherent water leaves
the power plant together with the flue gas without being used as a source of
energy.
If
lignite drying is done separately from
the rest of the process of combustion, the drying procedure may be carried out
at a low temperature level, which is energetically more efficient, and drying can be optimized as a separate process
step.
Depending on the
technology type drying is achieved either via a discrete operation or part of a
process.
To remove moisture from lignite as a part of the process commonly
Rotary Drum Drying Process is employed. By means of thermal drying, the wet
coal is brought into contact with a source of heat, directly via hot gas shown
blow)
The increase in temperature increases the vapor pressure of
the water and once it becomes higher than the partial pressure of the drying
gas or surrounding air, the water changes into the gaseous state and is carried
away in the gas stream.
Related
Video.
Indirect Heating Lignite By Conduction or Radiation
Through Heated Surface.
Energy is transferred to the wet coal indirectly through a
heated surface by conduction as shown below . The source of heat may be a waste heat of boiler and
turbines of the power plant.
LIGNITE DISCRETE UPGRADING PROCESSES.
The process developed in Australia to upgrade lignite. Australian lignites have high moisture content, generally around 60%. However, they have low ash and low sulphur. Two proposed processes, binderless briquetting (by White Energy Australia) and pelletisation (developed by ECT, ‘Coldry’ Australia) said to have a potential to reduce the moisture to around 12%, with a specific energy between 23 and 24 MJ/kg. The ash in the processed product would be around 3–4%, and sulphur around 0.3%.
The process developed in Australia to upgrade lignite. Australian lignites have high moisture content, generally around 60%. However, they have low ash and low sulphur. Two proposed processes, binderless briquetting (by White Energy Australia) and pelletisation (developed by ECT, ‘Coldry’ Australia) said to have a potential to reduce the moisture to around 12%, with a specific energy between 23 and 24 MJ/kg. The ash in the processed product would be around 3–4%, and sulphur around 0.3%.
Given that the two processes produce a
product of similar qualities, the choice of process will be largely dependent
on their cost of fuel at the power station gate, the readiness for process
rollout and the quality of the water by-product. The above processes of Briquetting
or Pelletizing are expensive and not yet commercialized
proven technologies.
Coal Transportation Method’s.
Once
the coal is processed it is shipped to wherever it is needed, by rail or trucks
or through conveyers specifically at mouth of mine power plants. Transportation
methods depend on the quality of coal, distance to be traveled and access to
existing transportation systems.
i) Conveyer Coal Transportation & Handling System for Power
Plants at mouth of mine.
As
per report, the Conveyer shown in the above video was under construction not
quite finished. There will be a hood over the conveyor to shield the coal from
rain. There are analyzers along the conveyor to test the coal as it heads from
the mine to the plant. Analyzers are pretty sophisticated in that they can test
for sulfur, BTU content, moisture and ash content. It gives a heads-up on what
kind of coal quality will be coming in, so that operators can adjust operation
for burning coal.
Bulk material
handling system at the San Miguel Lignite Power Plant in Texas.
ii) Coal transportation through trucks:
Common
problems associated with trucking operations are:
-
Increased
pollution from coal handling and diesel fuel.
-
Increased
transportation cost for power generating plants located at distant from mines.
-
Blockage of highway, wasting
too much time and effort managing coal stockpiles
iii) Coal transportation through Coal
Trains:
US Coal Trains.
In USA the train
hauling after processing coal from mine to power plants is considered the most
efficient and economical transportation which weighs 1,4000 tons when a train
is full.
Related video:
German Coal Trains
The electric locomotives and freight cars are
supplying coal to three lignite- fired power generation plants north of Cologne
Germany.
An Over View Of Power Generation Plants.
Worldwide
chief use of coal is now electricity generation which is set to continue, with
coal fueling 44% of global electricity in 2030.
After coal is mined, it is processed and transported
to power plants by trains, trucks or a
conveyor belt for a mine mouth power
generating unit ,carries the coal to a Pulveriser, where it is ground
to the fineness of talcum powder. The powdered coal is then blown into a
combustion chamber of a boiler. Surrounding the walls of the boiler room
are pipes filled with
water. Because of the intense heat, the water vaporizes into superheated
high-pressure steam that drives a turbine which produces electricity by moving
an electrical generator.
.
Related video:
Old coal-fired power plants had a thermal
efficiency of only 35 % HHV, and emitted SO2, NO2,
particulates and mercury.
Super-critical and Ultra-supercritical
coal-fired plants have been developed which represents up to a 40-45%
improvement over old coal-fired plants.
ADVANCED COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES.
The
burning of coal can produce combustion gases as hot as 2,500° C (4,500° F), but
the lack of materials that can withstand such heat, forces even modern power
plants to limit steam temperatures to about 540° C (1,000° F)—even though the
thermal efficiency of a power plant increases with increasing operating fluid
(steam) temperature.
Lay
out scheme of supercritical pulverised
coal plant for electricity production.
Development of advanced stainless steel boiler tubes.
Advanced
ultra-supercritical is the technology to improve the power generation
efficiency by increasing the steam temperature and pressure of pulverised coal
fired power generation.
Ultra-supercritical
plants operate at very high temperatures and pressures. Advances in metallurgy
have allowed the use of higher temperatures and pressures in boilers and
turbines. Continuing research is aimed at further improvements and the building
of advanced ultra-supercritical coal-fired plants.
Sumitomo Metals Japan developed fine-grained
18%Cr steel by using its unique control technology to precipitate niobium
carbide and attained high temperature strength and steam oxidation resistance.
Japans Sumitomo Metals advanced this
technology by developing significantly stronger steel that contains copper. The
resulting new 18%Cr steel has shown the highest-strength achieved for steel for
this application.
ROTOR for 1000 MW ULTRA-
SUPERCRITICAL STEAM TURBINE.
As
per reports, China has jumped into the ultra-supercritical game and is busy
building ultra supercritical power plants.
On average, the world’s
coal-fired power plants consume 480 g of coal to produce a kilowatt-hour
of electricity. In doing so, they release between 1,000 and 1,200 g of CO2 into the air, or some eight billion tons a year. One of
the most efficient coal-fired power plants in the world, the Block Waigaoqiao III
in China, for which Siemens
Germany delivered two 1,000-MW
turbines to China, burns only 320 g of coal per kilowatt-hour, and thus
emits only 761 g of CO2.
As
per reports, large-scale castings for 1000MW Ultra
Supercriticle steam turbine already can be made in China. Large-scale forgings (forgings have better engineering strength than castings
for this application)
have been also trial-produced. High-purity low alloy steel forging for low
pressure rotor and 12%Cr high-quality forged rotor for 1000MW USC steam turbine
high pressure rotor are being made in China.
China’s
strategy to meet its greenhouse gas reduction commitment is to continue full
steam ahead converting its coal-fired power plant fleet from a conventional one
to an ultra-supercritical one.
Most importantly, the engineering expertise the Chinese have
developed building these plants has reduced the cost of building one to 33% of
what it would cost to build a less efficient coal-fired conventional power
plant.
The modernized Lippendorf power plant is now producing 16,000MW.
The fuel for running the plant is guaranteed by long-term
supply contracts concluded with central German lignite producers Vereinigte
Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlenwerke AG (MIBRAG).
Related Videos
Water
Reservoir at German power plant.
Power Technology at Lippendorf power plant .
Germany to Build Twenty Three New Coal-Fired Power
Plants
The above decision by German officials has been taken to cop
up the problems arising due to inconsistent power supply by Wind power Projects
and expensive Solar power plants.
The water-saving technologies.
Dry
destoning of coal eliminates the water consumption discussed
above.
Post combustion
lignite drying to remove inherent moisture, depending on the technology type,
drying is achieved either part of the process or discrete upgrading process
discussed above. This inherent moisture in lignite may be
conserved depending on the cost of technology employed.
The water-saving technologies in power plants are improving,
and there is also a trend toward cooling systems in which more water is
recycled like
“Closed Circle Cooling Cycle” Power Plants. Closed-cycle cooling is used at several New York power
plants today and overall, 53% of the electric
generating capacity in the United States uses closed-cycle cooling systems.
.
( The water-saving technologies need to be discussed separately
).
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS.
1) We have lost time
and continue to lose more and unable to recover fast in due time. We have spent
one billion Rupees on Underground Coal
Gasification Experiment even though the reports of drilling data were available,
indicative of the weak strata, permeable rocks layers and presence of
pressurized aquifers underneath.
2) With due apology, repeated
thrilling statements like,’ Pakistan has the
potential to produce about 100,000 MW a year from Thar Coal for a century or
longer’,
will not resolve our energy crisis because of insufficient water supply. It
rather tends to divert our attention from actual problems to be resolved on
priority. Massive water supply is one of the
most vital requirements at Thar
Coal to start mining operation and subsequent power generation. It is the bottleneck to start speedy development of
Thar coal project.
3) Capacity of our existing water reservoirs and irrigation
system is already under water stress throughout Pakistan and always be deficient
in supplying water for drinking and Rabi Crops. Would it be possible for
present Sindh irrigation system to spare any water for Thar Coal Projects from Indus river through Nara- Jamrao
canals or any other route, is a question mark and need to be addressed
on priority.
4) Islamkot is located topographically at higher elevation than the canal system.
Closest possible gravity flow of water from Nara-Jamrao Canal to the Thar Coal Project is needed to be
surveyed and a scheme be devised to divert the flood water towards any artificial lake
or reservoir, be made near Thar Coal Project, from where the water could
most economically be pumped up slope for usage of mines operators and mine
mouth power generation.
5) In case of any short fall in the water reservoir due to
lack of rain or water logging , Federal government should make legislation and
monitoring system with the consciences of all provinces for the provision and
maintaining water level of the proposed water reservoir, required to avoid any
interruption in mining operation and subsequent power generation.
6) President Putin is due to visit Pakistan in first week of
Oct, 2012. Russian Government has shown
its interest to invest in Thar Coal Project, the above problem of water
management may be the part of help, sought during the visit (As per reports, World
Bank has already suspended the Thar Project till Bankable feasibility report is
prepared).
7) The water-saving
technologies in power plants are improving, and there is a trend toward cooling
systems in which more water is recycled like “Closed Circle Cooling Cycle”
Power Plants need to be chosen,
8) Need to address the
question, how fast can we mine coal? We bought F-16 to defend our Air space and
Submarine Agosta 90B to defend our Mari time Shores. In order
to defend our economic
borders, without lapse of time, needs to deploy state of
art selective mining machinery and Power Generation plants rather than
cheap traditional mining and Power Generation plants for better and efficient
exploitation of the available Thar lignite coal resources, like few discussed above.
(Discussion continue)
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